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After more than 30 years of exploration and development, undergraduate anesthesiology teaching in China has formed a relatively large teaching scale in the whole country. However, the teaching mode and cultivation mechanism are not yet fully mature, which still has room for improving relevant curriculum structures. This study has investigated the current situation of undergraduate anesthesiology teaching in 38 medical colleges, summarized characteristics of teaching programs and curriculum design, and proposed relevant improvement suggestions.
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Objective:To explore the application effect of learner-centered, simulation-based training in the clinical operation teaching of anesthesiology.Method:s A total of 20 junior students in anesthesiology from a university from 2016 to 2017 were included. In this study, the training of three simulation operations, namely endotracheal intubation, central venous puncture, and arterial catheterization was set up. The self-confidence, operational knowledge, and operational skills before and after the training were assessed through Likert-type questionnaires, multiple-choice tests, and procedural checklists, respectively. Data analyses were performed with the SPSS 16.0. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to compare the self-confidence scores before and after training and the paired t-test was adopted to compare the knowledge and operation scores before and after training.Result:s The students' self-confidence, knowledge and operation scores of the three operations were significantly improved after training ( P<0.05), with the highest increase in the central venous puncture operation score [(7.55±2.40) vs. (15.55±1.84), P<0.01]. The teaching satisfaction survey showed that 95% of the students felt that the training course was conducive to the operation skills learning and were satisfied with the course of this training. Conclusion:The learner-centered, simulation-based training can help the clinical students master the operating skill points quickly and skillfully, and promote the individualized and standardized implementation of the clinical operation skills, thereby improving the clinical teaching effect.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between propofol anesthesia and postoperative delirium and inflammatory responses of aged rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,weighing 550-650 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),propofol anesthesia for 2 h group (group P2) and propofol anesthesia for 4 h group (group P4).In P2 and P4 groups,anesthesia was maintained with propofol at a rate of 24 mg· kg-1 · h-1 for 2 and 4 h,respectively,after anesthesia was induced with propofol.Morris water maze test was performed at 1 day before and after anesthesia.Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected after the end of Morris water maze test for determination of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β),IL-4,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The hippocampus and cortex were removed for determination of Iba-1 positive cells.Results Compared with group C and the baseline value before anesthesia,no significant change was found in the escape latency or percentage of time of staying at the original platform quadrant in P2 and P4 groups (P＞0.05),the concentrations of IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluid and TNF-α in plasma were significantly decreased in group P2,the concentrations of IL-1β in cerebrospinal fluid and IL-4,IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma were significantly increased,and the concentrations of IL-1β in plasma and IL-4 in cerebrospinal fluid were decreased in group P4,and the number of hippocampal Iba-1 positive cells were significantly decreased in P2 and P4 groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Propofol anesthesia dose not induce postoperative delirium and central inflammatory responses within 4 h,and propofol can induce peripheral inflammatory responses when anesthesia time is longer than 2 h.
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Objective To investigate the effects of spinal nerve ligation (SNL) on the changes of intestinal pathology and the levels of serum immunoglobulin in rats with ulcerative colitis.Methods Thirty-six healthy male rats, weighing 200-220 g, were randomly divided into three groups using the random number table method: spinal nerve ligation model group (group SNL), sham-operationgroup (group Sham) and non-operatedcontrol group (group Con), 12 in each group.After the establishment of SNL models, the three groups were given trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce ulcerative colitis.The serum level of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) were measured on the day before SNL, before TNBS modeling and 7, 14 d after TNBS modeling, respectively.Besides, the intestinal pathology were observed on 7 d after TNBS modeling.Results The basic values of IgM and IgG before operation were not statistically different among three groups.The level of IgG in group SNL was lower than that in group Sham after SNL operation with no significant difference, but the level of IgM was significantly lower than that of group Sham (P<0.05).On 7 d after TNBS modeling, both levels of IgG and IgM in group SNL were significantly lower than those in group Sham and group Con (P<0.01).On 14 d after TNBS modeling, the level of IgG in group SNL was significantly lower than that in group Sham and group Con (P<0.05).Furthermore, the colon lesions were more extensive and the inflammation was more serious in group SNL than those in group Sham and group Con on 7 d after TNBS modeling.Conclusion Neuropathic pain suppress immune activities, reduces the serum level of IgM and IgG and aggravates intestinal inflammation caused by TNBS.
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The information era has witnessed an unprecedented high speed of knowledge dissemi-nation. Mobile learning based on smartphone is ubiquitous and commonly used. It has potential to revolu-tionize anesthesia education and medical practice. This article focuses on the domestic smartphone applica-tions (APP) related to anesthesiology and has a detailed review including academic forums, anesthesia knowledge, common medical knowledge, anatomy, literature management, medical English and medicine application. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of APP and mobile learning in continuing medi-cal education are well discussed. We try to provide a reference for those who need to choose and use APP for their anesthesia continuing education.
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Objective To investigate whether rat grimace scale (RGS)could be used to assess pain in chronic pancreatitis,so as to provide evidence for pain research and clinical assessment of rat pain.Methods Twenty-eight adult male wister rats were evenly randomized into two groups (n =14):an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was intravenously given 8 mg/kg body weight dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)to induce chronic pancreatitis,and the control group was injected with ethanol and glycerin solution.Abdominal hypersensitivity,RGS scores and weight at different time points was detected.HE staining was used to detect the histological changes of pancre-atic tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the rats in the experimental group showed chro-nic inflammation in pancreatic tissue in two weeks.There was a significant increase in the number of abdominal withdrawals (P < 0.001 )and RGS in the experimental group.Conclusion Rat grimace scale might lead to a successful transition of basic science findings into clinical application.
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Clinical practice is an important teaching stage for interns of anesthesiology in medical universities.We discuss advantages and disadvantages for different teaching modes in the course of clinical practice,aiming at choosing a better one to optimize practice quality and bringing up graduates with high diathesis.
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The essence of training for clinical postgraduates is comprehensive capacity,including clinical and scientific research capacity,and the demand for the former is relatively higher than the latter. By means of discussion on the source and the educational system for postgraduates,we try to train clinical anesthesiology postgraduates with high diathesis and meet the needs of clinical anesthesia.
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Objective: To study antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) on hepatocytes during immune response in halothane hepatitis of guinea pigs. Methods: The model of halothane hepatitis of guinea pigs was used. Mixed lymphocyte hepatocytes were cultured and supernatants containing specific antigens and cytokines were added. The changes of hepatic function in immune response of halothane hepatitis were analyzed. Results: The cytotoxicity on hepatocytes induced by halothane 3 times included ADCC mediated by specific antigens. ADCC on hepatocytes induced by halothane once required the second induction. There was no cytotoxicity on hepatocytes of specific antigens and cytokines produced by proliferative lymphocytes induced by Kupffer cells. Conclusion: Humoral immunity is mainly ADCC. Specific antibodies and cytokines can not separately kill hepatocytes. The extent of immune response is related to induction by halothane.
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Objective:To study the antigen presenting of Kupffer cells in immune response of Guinea pig halothane hepatitis. Methods:Sixteen male Guinea pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups. Experimental group:1% halothane and 40% O 2 were inhaled for 4 h, re inhaled on the 42nd and 84th day; Control group:only inhaled 40% O 2. Lymphocytes and Kupffer cells were separated and the culture was mixed on the 21st day after the last inhalation. 3H TdR was added 18 h before the end of culture. Immune response and the antigen presenting action of Kupffer cells were analysis by lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). Results:Halothane had significant pro proliferative effects on autologous lymphocytes( P